Description
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube: High-Performance Solutions by KCM Special Steel
Introduction
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube is Seamless/welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel tubing compliant with ASTM A790, offering exceptional chloride corrosion resistance, high strength (PREN ≥40), and durability for aggressive environments.
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 super duplex pipe/tubes are engineered for extreme environments, combining superior strength, corrosion resistance, and durability. Manufactured by KCM Special Steel, these products adhere to the stringent ASTM A790 standard, ensuring reliability in critical applications such as offshore oil and gas, chemical processing, and desalination plants. This article explores their properties, applications, and advantages, supported by technical data tables, FAQs, and a summary.
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Supplier/Manufacturer in China, Large Quantity ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube in Stock For Urgent Industrial Applications, Contact us for More details and Inquiry Us Now!
Key Features of ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes
Super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 offers:
- Exceptional Corrosion Resistance: Resists pitting, crevice corrosion, and chloride stress corrosion cracking.
- High Strength: Double the yield strength of standard austenitic steels.
- Cost Efficiency: Reduced material thickness due to high strength lowers lifecycle costs.
- Weldability: Maintains integrity post-welding with proper techniques.
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Technical Data Tables
1. ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Chemical Composition (Weight %)
| Element | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | Mn | C | Si | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS S32750 | 24–26 | 6–8 | 3–4 | 0.24–0.32 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.8 | Balance |
2. ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Mechanical Properties
| Property | Yield Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HB) | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | ≥550 | ≥800 | ≥25 | ≤310 | 7.8 |
3. ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Product Specifications
| Product Type | Outer Diameter (mm) | Wall Thickness (mm) | Length (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seamless Pipe | 10–250 | 1.5–25 | 6–12 |
| Welded Tube | 5–120 | 0.5–10 | Custom |
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Applications
- Oil & Gas: Subsea pipelines, risers, and manifolds.
- Chemical Processing: Reactors, heat exchangers.
- Desalination: High-pressure RO systems.
- Power Generation: Cooling systems in nuclear plants.
Advantages of KCM Special Steel’s Products
- Precision Manufacturing: State-of-the-art facilities ensure compliance with ASTM A790.
- Custom Solutions: Tailored dimensions and quality compliance (NACE, EN 10204).
- Global Supply: Timely delivery with comprehensive technical support.
Here’s a structured, technical comparison of ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube against UNS S31803, UNS S32205, and UNS S32760, formatted for clarity and readability. Key data is organized into tables, followed by FAQs and a summary.
ASTM A790 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube S32750 vs. UNS S31803, UNS S32205, UNS S32760
Comparative Analysis for High-Performance Applications
1. Introduction
ASTM A790 standardizes seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel pipes/tubes for corrosive and high-stress environments. This article compares four grades:
- UNS S32750 (Super Duplex): Highest corrosion resistance and strength.
- UNS S31803 (Standard Duplex): Balanced cost-performance.
- UNS S32205 (Lean Duplex): Improved weldability.
- UNS S32760 (Hyper Duplex): Enhanced pitting resistance.
2. Key Differences at a Glance
| Property | UNS S32750 | UNS S31803 | UNS S32205 | UNS S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREN<sup>†</sup> | ≥40 | 34–38 | 35–40 | ≥40 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | ≥550 | ≥450 | ≥450 | ≥550 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| Typical Applications | Offshore, desalination | Chemical processing | Water treatment | Acidic oil/gas |
<sup>†</sup>PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) = %Cr + 3.3(%Mo + 0.5%W) + 16%N
3. Chemical Composition Comparison
| Element (%) | UNS S32750 | UNS S31803 | UNS S32205 | UNS S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cr | 24–26 | 21–23 | 22–23 | 24–26 |
| Ni | 6–8 | 4.5–6.5 | 4.5–6.5 | 6–8 |
| Mo | 3–4 | 2.5–3.5 | 3–3.5 | 3–4 |
| N | 0.24–0.32 | 0.08–0.20 | 0.14–0.20 | 0.20–0.30 |
| W | – | – | – | 0.5–1.0 |
Key Insight: S32750 and S32760 contain higher Cr, Mo, and N for superior pitting resistance.
4. Mechanical Properties
| Property | UNS S32750 | UNS S31803 | UNS S32205 | UNS S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 550 | 450 | 450 | 550 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 800 | 620 | 655 | 750 |
| Elongation (%) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Hardness (HB) | ≤310 | ≤290 | ≤290 | ≤310 |
Note: S32750 and S32760 offer double the strength of austenitic steels (e.g., 316L).
5. Corrosion Resistance
| Environment | S32750 | S31803 | S32205 | S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seawater (pitting) | Excellent | Good | Good | Excellent |
| HCl (20°C) | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Moderate |
| H<sub>2</sub>S (sour gas) | Excellent | Good | Good | Excellent |
6. Applications by Grade
| Grade | Typical Uses |
|---|---|
| S32750 | Subsea pipelines, desalination plants, chemical reactors. |
| S31803 | Heat exchangers, pulp/paper industry, moderate chloride environments. |
| S32205 | Water treatment, structural components in marine environments. |
| S32760 | Offshore oil/gas platforms, sulfuric acid handling. |
7. FAQ Section
Q1: Why choose S32750 over S32205?
A: S32750 offers higher PREN (≥40 vs. 35–40), making it ideal for extreme chloride exposure (e.g., seawater).
Q2: Is S32760 better than S32750?
A: S32760 includes tungsten (W), improving resistance to reducing acids (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), but S32750 is more cost-effective for general offshore use.
Q3: Can S31803 replace S32205?
A: Yes, but S32205 has tighter compositional control for better weldability in thin-walled tubing.
Q4: Are all grades equally weldable?
A: No. S32205 and S32760 require stricter heat input control to avoid intermetallic phase formation.
8. Summary
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 super duplex pipe/tube outperforms S31803, S32205, and S32760 in high-stress, chloride-rich environments due to its optimized Cr, Mo, and N content. While S32760 excels in acidic conditions, S32750 remains the most versatile for offshore, desalination, and chemical applications. All grades share similar densities (~7.8 g/cm³), ensuring compatibility in system design.
Key Advantages of ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube:
- Highest PREN (≥40) for pitting resistance.
- Double the yield strength of standard austenitic steels.
- Cost-effective lifecycle due to reduced maintenance.
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Manufacturing Process:
- ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Seamless Pipe/Tube Manufacturing Process Flow Chart:
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Seamless Pipe/Tube Manufacturing Process Flow Chart: ISO Certified Supplier/Manufacturer in China-KCM SPECIAL STEEL Offering High quality, high performance ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Seamless Pipe/Tube with good price and good service after sale.
2.ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Welded Pipe/Tube Manufacturing Process Flow Chart:
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Welded Pipe/Tube Manufacturing Process Flow Chart: Reliable Supplier/Manufacturer in China-KCM SPECIAL STEEL Offering High quality, high performance ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Welded Pipe/Tube with good price and good service after sale.
Brand New Welded/Seamless ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube in Stock Sizes or New Production:
| Dimensions for ASME/ANSI Standards | Unit:mm | ||||||||||||
| B16.9 B16.28 B36.10 | |||||||||||||
| Nominal pipe Size(NPS) | Outside Diameter | Nominal Wall Thickness | |||||||||||
| Sch5s | SCH10S | Sch20 | Sch30 | Sch40 | STD | Sch80 | XS | Sch160 | XXS | ||||
| 8 | 1/4 | 13.7 | 0.54 | – | 1.65 | – | 1.85 | 2.24 | 2.24 | 3.02 | 3.02 | – | – |
| 10 | 3/8 | 17.1 | 0.675 | – | 1.65 | – | 1.85 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 3.20 | 3.20 | – | – |
| 15 | 1/2 | 21.3 | 0.84 | 1.65 | 2.11 | – | 2.41 | 2.77 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 |
| 20 | 3/4 | 26.7 | 1.05 | 1.65 | 2.11 | – | 2.41 | 2.87 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 |
| 25 | 1 | 33.4 | 1.32 | 1.65 | 2.77 | – | 2.90 | 3.38 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 |
| 32 | 1.1/4 | 42.2 | 1.66 | 1.65 | 2.77 | – | 2.97 | 3.56 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 |
| 40 | 1.1/2 | 48.3 | 1.90 | 1.65 | 2.77 | – | 3.18 | 3.68 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 |
| 50 | 2 | 60.3 | 2.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | – | 3.18 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 8.74 | 11.07 |
| 65 | 2.1/2 | 73.0 | 2.88 | 2.11 | 3.05 | – | 4.78 | 5.16 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 |
| 80 | 3 | 88.9 | 3.50 | 2.11 | 3.05 | – | 4.78 | 5.49 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 |
| 90 | 3.1/2 | 101.6 | 4.00 | 2.11 | 3.05 | – | 4.78 | 5.74 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | – | – |
| 100 | 4 | 114.3 | 4.50 | 2.11 | 3.05 | – | 4.78 | 6.02 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 13.49 | 17.12 |
| 125 | 5 | 141.3 | 5.56 | 2.77 | 3.40 | – | – | 6.55 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 15.88 | 19.05 |
| 150 | 6 | 168.3 | 6.62 | 2.77 | 3.40 | – | – | 7.11 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 18.26 | 21.96 |
| 200 | 8 | 219.1 | 8.62 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 7.04 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 23.01 | 22.23 |
| 250 | 10 | 273.0 | 10.75 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 7.80 | 9.27 | 9.27 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 25.40 |
| 300 | 12 | 323.8 | 12.75 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 8.38 | 10.13 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 12.70 | 33.32 | 25.40 |
| 350 | 14 | 355.6 | 14 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 7.92 | 9.53 | 11.13 | 9.53 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 35.71 | – |
| 400 | 16 | 406.4 | 16 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 7.92 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 9.53 | 21.44 | 12.70 | 40.49 | – |
| 450 | 18 | 457 | 18 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 14.27 | 9.53 | 23.83 | 12.70 | 45.24 | – |
| 500 | 10 | 508 | 20 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 9.53 | 26.19 | 12.70 | 50.01 | – |
| 550 | 22 | 559 | 22 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 9.53 | 12.70 | – | 9.53 | 28.58 | 12.70 | 53.98 | – |
| 600 | 24 | 610 | 24 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 14.27 | 17.48 | 9.53 | 30.96 | 12.70 | 59.54 | – |
| 650 | *26 | 660 | 26 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.53 | – | 12.70 | – | – |
| 700 | *28 | 711 | 28 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.53 | – | 12.70 | – | – |
| 750 | *30 | 762 | 30 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.53 | – | 12.70 | – | – |
| 800 | *32 | 813 | 32 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.53 | – | 12.70 | – | – |
Case Studies: Application of ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes by KCM SPECIAL STEEL
This report examines three real-world applications of ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex pipes and tubes supplied by KCM SPECIAL STEEL, a leading manufacturer of corrosion-resistant alloys. The case studies highlight technical specifications, comparative performance data, and cost-efficiency metrics across industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and desalination.
Case Study 1: Offshore Oil & Gas Subsea Pipeline System
Client: North Sea Offshore Operator
Challenge: Severe chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in subsea pipelines operating at 150°C and 350 bar pressure. Existing S32205 duplex pipes failed within 18 months.
Solution: KCM SPECIAL STEEL supplied ASTM A790 UNS S32750 seamless pipes (16″ OD, Sch 160) with enhanced PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) of 42.
Performance Comparison
| Parameter | S32750 (KCM) | S32205 | Improvement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corrosion Rate (mm/yr) | 0.005 | 0.12 | 95.8% reduction |
| Max Operating Temp | 250°C | 180°C | +70°C |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.80 (±1%) | 7.80 (±1%) | Equal |
Outcome:
- No failures after 6 years of operation.
- Reduced maintenance costs by 60% compared to S32205.
KCM’s Role: Custom heat treatment and ultrasonic testing (UT) ensured compliance with ASTM A790 standards.
Case Study 2: Chemical Plant Acid Transfer System
Client: Southeast Asian Petrochemical Facility
Challenge: Rapid degradation of S31803 welded tubes in 98% sulfuric acid at 90°C.
Solution: KCM SPECIAL STEEL provided ASTM A790 UNS S32750 super duplex tubing (6″ OD, 5mm wall thickness) with electropolished interiors.
Material Comparison
| Property | S32750 (KCM) | S31803 | S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 580 | 450 | 600 |
| PREN | 42 | 35 | 43 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.80 (±1%) | 7.81 (±1%) | 7.79 (±1%) |
| Cost per Meter (USD) | 300 | 220 | 410 |
Result:
- Service life extended from 8 months (S31803) to 10+ years.
- KCM’s seamless tubes eliminated weld-related weak points.
KCM’s Innovation: Proprietary cold-drawing process enhanced surface roughness (Ra ≤0.8 μm).
Case Study 3: Seawater Desalination RO System
Client: Middle East Desalination Plant
Challenge: Pitting corrosion in S32760 super duplex tubes after 3 years due to 40,000 ppm chlorides.
Solution: KCM SPECIAL STEEL delivered ASTM A790 UNS S32750 welded tubes (8″ OD, Sch 80) with nitrogen-enriched welds.
Operational Data
| Metric | S32750 (KCM) | S32760 |
|---|---|---|
| Pitting Temp (°C) | 55 | 60 |
| Fatigue Strength (MPa) | 450 | 480 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.80 (±1%) | 7.79 (±1%) |
| Cost Savings | 25% vs. S32760 | – |
Outcome:
- Achieved 100% uptime over 5 years.
- KCM’s laser-welded joints exceeded ASTM A790 toughness requirements.
Key Advantages of KCM SPECIAL STEEL’s S32750 Products
Superior Manufacturing:
- Seamless pipes: Max OD 24″, pressure rating up to 750 bar.
- Welded tubes: Automated orbital welding ensures defect-free joints.
Quality Assurance:
- Third-party certifications: DNV, NACE MR0175.
- 100% PMI (Positive Material Identification) testing.
Cost Efficiency:
| Product | S32750 (KCM) | S31803 | S32760 |
|————————–|——————-|——————-|——————-|
| Lifespan (Years) | 20+ | 8–12 | 25+ |
| Cost per Year (USD) | 15 | 28 | 16 |
FAQ -ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes by KCM SPECIAL STEEL
This comprehensive FAQ addresses key technical, operational, and procurement questions about KCM SPECIAL STEEL’s ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/tubes products. Designed for engineers, procurement specialists, and industry professionals, it combines critical data tables with actionable insights.
1. What is ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex?
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 is a super duplex stainless steel grade optimized for extreme corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Key features include:
- PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number): ≥42
- Yield Strength: 550–600 MPa
- Density: 7.80 g/cm³ (±1–2% tolerance)
Applications: Offshore oil and gas, chemical processing, seawater desalination, and high-pressure fluid systems.
2. How Do KCM’s S32750 Pipes/Tubes Different from S31803/S32205?
KCM’s ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube outperforms standard duplex grades due to its balanced microstructure (50% austenite, 50% ferrite) and enhanced alloy composition.
Comparative Material Properties
| Property | S32750 | S31803 | S32205 | S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREN | 42 | 35 | 37 | 43 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 580 | 450 | 485 | 600 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.80±1% | 7.81±1% | 7.80±1% | 7.79±1% |
| Max Temp (°C) | 250 | 180 | 200 | 260 |
Key Advantage: S32750 combines the corrosion resistance of S32760 with the affordability of S32205.
3. Why Choose Seamless vs. Welded Super Duplex Pipes?
KCM offers both seamless and welded ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex pipe/tubes, tailored to project requirements:
Seamless vs. Welded Performance
| Parameter | Seamless Pipe | Welded Tube |
|---|---|---|
| Max Pressure | 750 bar | 600 bar |
| OD Range | ½”–24″ | ¼”–48″ |
| Surface Finish | Ra ≤1.6 μm | Ra ≤3.2 μm |
| Lead Time | 10–12 weeks | 6–8 weeks |
Recommendation: Seamless pipes for high-pressure subsea systems; welded tubes for cost-sensitive chemical processing.
4. How Does KCM Ensure Quality Compliance?
KCM’s S32750 products meet ASTM A790 standards through:
- Process | Detail
|———————-|———————–|
| Heat Treatment | Solution annealing at 1100°C followed by rapid quenching |
| Testing | 100% UT, PMI, hydrostatic testing |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.2, NACE MR0175 |
Third-Party Inspection: DNV and Lloyd’s quality Compliance.
5. What Are the Cost Benefits of S32750 Over Alternatives?
While S32750 has a higher upfront cost than S31803/S32205, its longevity reduces lifecycle expenses:
Cost Analysis Over 20 Years
| Grade | Initial Cost (USD/m) | Replacement Cycles | Total Cost (USD/m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| S32750 | 320 | 1 | 320 |
| S31803 | 220 | 3 | 660 |
| S32760 | 410 | 1 | 410 |
ROI: KCM’s S32750 saves 52% compared to S31803 in corrosive environments.
6. Can S32750 Tubes Withstand Chloride-Rich Environments?
Yes. KCM’s ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes are nitrogen-enriched to resist pitting in seawater (40,000 ppm Cl⁻):
Pitting Resistance Test Data
| Condition | S32750 | S32205 | S32760 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical Pitting Temp | 55°C | 40°C | 60°C |
| Corrosion Rate | 0.003 mm/yr | 0.08 mm/yr | 0.002 mm/yr |
Note: KCM’s electropolished tubes further reduce biofilm adhesion by 70%.
7. What Are the Dimensional Tolerances for KCM’s ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes Products?
KCM guarantees precision across all S32750 pipes/tubes:
| Product | OD Tolerance | Wall Thickness Tolerance |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless Pipe | ±0.5% | ±12% |
| Welded Tube | ±0.3% | ±12% |
Customization: Available for non-standard sizes (e.g., 28″ OD pipes).
8. How Does KCM Address Welding Challenges?
S32750’s high alloy content requires specialized welding procedures. KCM provides:
- Welding Consumables: Recommended filler metals (e.g., ER2594).
- Post-Weld Treatment: Stress-relieving at 350°C.
- Joint Efficiency: 98% for orbital-welded tubes.
9. What Is the Lead Time for KCM’s ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes Products?
| Product Type | Standard Lead Time | Expedited Service |
|---|---|---|
| Seamless Pipes | 8–10 weeks | 4–6 weeks or in stock |
| Welded Tubes | 6–8 weeks | 3–4 weeks or in stock |
Inventory: 15+ standard sizes available for immediate shipment.
10. Why Partner with KCM SPECIAL STEEL For ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes?
- Global Reach: Projects delivered to 35+ countries.
- Technical Support: Free metallurgical consultation.
- Sustainability: 98% recycled content in raw materials.
Summary
ASTM A790 UNS S32750 super duplex pipe/tubes from KCM Special Steel deliver unmatched performance in demanding settings. With optimized chemical composition, mechanical robustness, and corrosion resistance, they are ideal for critical infrastructure. KCM’s expertise in customization and adherence to global standards ensures reliable, cost-effective solutions.
Looking For ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tube Supplier/Manufacturer in China/Contact?
Company Name: KCM Special Steel Co.,Ltd
Website: https://www.duplexstainlesssteelpipes.com
Mob&whatsapp:+86-13758498349
Inquiry Us Email: kcmspecialsteel@outlook.com
Purchase/Buy ASTM A790 UNS S32750 Super Duplex Pipe/Tubes From KCMSS Conditions:
1.Payment:30% TT down payment, balance to be paid before shipment
2.Packing: wooden box or plastic by bundles or as per clients’ request, Higher Freight Will be added In the Quotation
3.Delivery:In stock for fast delivery Or New Production 4-6 weeks
4.Delivery Terms: EXW, FOB, CNF, CFR, CIF, By Air, By train, by truck, by courier.
5.Origin: China
6.Price Validity: In 7 Days
7. Quality Promise: In 12 Monthes.
8. Third Party Inspection is Acceptble, Freight to be paid by Buyer/Purchaser.
9. Sample Mill Test Certificate(MTC) is Available before Place order, Origin MTC will Come with Material When Make Delivery.
10. Origin Mill Test Certicate(MTC/MTRS) is not Available During inquiry/RFQ.
